In California, e-bikes are classified similarly to regular bicycles, with some specific distinctions.
According to state law, e-bikes are operated in the same manner as traditional bicycles and are not regarded as motor vehicles under the California Vehicle Code.
This classification exempts e-bikes from many of the regulations that apply to motorcycles and cars.
For instance, e-bike riders in California are not required to have an operator's license, state or local registration, motor vehicle insurance, or license plates.
What is the New E-Bike Law?
California's e-bike law defines an e-bike as a bicycle with functional pedals and an electric motor under 750 watts. The law specifies three categories of e-bikes and outlines how and where they can be ridden in the state.
How Does the New E-Bike Law (AB 1096) Change E-Bike Regulation?
Prior to 2016, e-bikes in California were regulated similarly to mopeds and could only be used on public streets and roads.
Recognizing that e-bikes are more akin to bicycles in performance and usage, the new law allows them on various California bikeways.
Will All E-Bikes Be Regulated the Same Way?
No. The California e-bike law categorizes e-bikes into three types based on their speed and power control:
- Type 1: E-bikes with a top assisted speed of 20 mph that require pedaling.
- Type 2: E-bikes with a top assisted speed of 20 mph that can be operated without pedaling using a throttle.
- Type 3: E-bikes with a top assisted speed of 28 mph that require pedaling.
Each type has different access to bike infrastructure, as detailed in the regulations.
How Can Law Enforcement Identify Different Types of E-Bikes?
From January 1, 2017, AB 1096 mandates that all e-bike manufacturers label each e-bike distributed in California with its type and wattage.
This labeling helps law enforcement determine if an e-bike is allowed on certain bikeways. Labels may vary slightly by manufacturer.
Do the Same Bicycle “Rules of the Road” Apply to E-Bike Riders?
Yes. E-bike riders must adhere to the same rules and legal requirements as traditional bicycle riders.
This includes obeying speed limits, proper passing, and following local traffic laws and ordinances.
Motorists must give e-bikes at least three feet of clearance when passing.
All riders under 18 must wear a helmet.
E-bike riders do not need a license, and their e-bikes do not require registration.
What Specific Regulations Apply to Type 3 Electric Bicycles?
Type 3 e-bikes are not allowed on Class I and IV bikeways unless the bikeway is within or adjacent to a roadway, or if a local authority permits it.
Local agencies can allow e-bikes on restricted paths if alternative routes are hazardous.
Riders, passengers, and those in trailers towed by Type 3 e-bikes must be at least 16 years old and wear a helmet.
For more information, visit [People for Bikes](http://www.peopleforbikes.org/pages/e-bikes).
